In 1992, Mr. Brozik of the Frankfurt Claims Conference called on the Ministry of Finance to return all property of Jews in East Germany contained in international treaties between Austria, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and the German Democratic Republic (GDR). These Jews had received very little compensation, and Germany had vowed in 1952 never to enrich itself with Jewish property again as the Nazis did. They refused; Dr. Brozik described the meeting as devastating. An Austrian citizen and her Israeli sister sued the German government in 2000. The Berlin court recognized that the right to property was unfair/unsatisfactory for victims of Nazi Germany who had suffered harm, but they were forced to follow the law that the Justice Ministry did not want to change. The GDR promised the affected sisters in 1988 that they would receive $44,000 for their 15 homes in East Berlin. In 1989, they were told that they would only receive 70% because the GDR had no foreign currency. They received $31,000. In 2000, instead of receiving $14,000 owed to them, they received $6,000; a total of $37,000 instead of $44,000. The German Treasury sold the building in 2006 for about $1.4 million and made a nice profit of 38 times more than they had paid the two sisters.
In 2019, the value of the building was estimated at $5 million. Articles have been written about the case in London`s Sunday Express, Hamburg`s Zeit, Frankfurt`s Judische Wochenzeitung, New York`s Aufbau and News of Austria. Finally, the sisters received 2.7% of the value of their building from the GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany; the German Finance Ministry won 97.3%. Sabine Leutheusser Schnarenberger, Minister of Justice, and Theo Waigel, Minister of Finance, also personally refused to return all Jewish property in East Germany (8 buildings in East Berlin), which belonged to a total of 6 Austrian Jewish citizens. In 2018, the former Justice Minister became Commissioner against Anti-Semitism for the State of North Rhine-Westphalia. The negotiations on reparations and material losses were preceded by an important public statement by Adenauer to the Bundestag on 27 September 1951. He acknowledged that during the Third Reich and the Holocaust „unspeakable crimes [against Jews] were committed in the name of the German people“ and offered to negotiate compensation with Israel and representatives of world Jewry. The negotiations were shrouded in secrecy, conducted in a third country, and Israeli negotiators, most of whom had German-speaking origins, refused to speak German. The German-Israeli reparation agreement of September 1952 was signed in a third city, Luxembourg, and did not involve a handshake or speech. It was ratified in March 1953. In anticipation of the Debate in the Knesset on January 7, 1952, all adjacent roads were blocked.
Roadblocks and metal fences were erected around the building and the IDF was ready to quell an uprising. The rally, gathered by opponents of the deal, drew 15,000 people, and the ensuing unrest would be the largest attempt in Israeli history to overturn a democratic decision of the Knesset. Negotiations between countries have been long and difficult. Many discussions took place, some of which took place under a veil of secrecy for fear that the representatives would be physically injured. In May 1952, there was a serious crisis, and the parties left the discussions after a heated debate on the amount to be paid as compensation. Eventually, the representatives – including the president of the World Jewish Congress, Nahum Goldmann – reached an agreement in late 1952. According to the agreement, West Germany has committed to provide the State of Israel with goods and services worth DM 3.5 billion over a period of 12 years. Part of the agreement was the German commitment to allow personal reparations as well as the return of property to its rightful owners. In order to implement this programme, an additional sum of 450 million marks has been promised. Israel was determined to absorb what was left of European Jewry. Israel also recovered from the 1948 Arab-Israeli war and faced a deep economic crisis that led to austerity policies.
Unemployment was very high (especially in the Ma`abarot camps) and foreign exchange reserves were scarce. [5] David Ben-Gurion and his Mapai party took a practical approach, arguing that adopting the agreement was the only way to support the country`s economy. [5] „There are two approaches,“ he told the Mapai Central Committee. „One is the approach of the Jew to the ghetto and the other is that of an independent people. I don`t want to run after a German and spit in his face. I don`t want to run after anyone. I want to sit here and build here. I will not go to America to attend a vigil against Adenauer. [6] In 2013, the Claims Conference negotiated an agreement with the German government to allocate about $1 billion over a four-year period to home care for Holocaust survivors, with the annual amount increasing each year until 2017. The decision did not end the protests.
In October 1952, Dov Shilansky was arrested near the State Department building and carried a package of dynamite. At his trial, he was accused of being a member of a clandestine organization against the remediation agreement and was sentenced to 21 months in prison. [5] Several parcel bombs were sent to Adenauer and other targets, one of which killed a police officer who was handling them. T92 [10] With the signing of the Treaty and the two Protocols, the negotiations that have been taking place since the 21st. In March 1952, representatives of the Federal Republic of Germany, representatives of the State of Israel and delegates of world Jewish organizations gathered at the Conference of Claims were held in The Hague. Source: Communiqué© concerning restitution for Israel and the Jews (10 September 1952), reprinted in Reinhard Bettzuege, ed., AuÃenpolitik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Documents from 1949 to 1994. Documents from 1949 to 1994]. Cologne: Verlag Wissenschaft und Politik, 1995, p. 200 f; also reprinted in Merith Niehuss and Ulrike Linder, eds., Besatzungszeit, Bundesrepublik und DDR, 1945-1969. Deutsche Geschichte in Quellen und Darstellung, herausgegeben von Rainer A.
MÃ1/4ller, Bd. 10. Stuttgart: P. Reclam, 1998, S. 234-36. Photos above: Israeli Foreign Minister Moshe Sharett (center) with Nahum Goldmann, president of the World Jewish Congress and founding president of the Conference of Demands, at the signing of the Luxembourg Agreement with Germany in 1952; Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer at the time of the signing of the agreement In Israel in 1951 and 1952, there were moral disputes over direct negotiations with Germany between supporters and opponents. One side argued for the moral justice of the claims, while opponents argued that there was a moral obligation to reject any contact with Germany or the Germans. Israeli leaders also used very pragmatic arguments: Israel`s nascent economy was on the verge of collapse and there was little financial support from outside; the only place where economic aid could be found was Germany. On the occasion of the 80th anniversary of Kindertransport, it was agreed to pay compensation to the survivors.
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